The Artistic Appearance of Beloved in the Sonnets of Contemporary Iranian Poets

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Persian Language and Literature, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran.

Abstract

Romantic themes and the description of the beloved have been one of the constant pillars of the structure and content of the sonnet as a form of poetry since its foundation. However, the historical course of the sonnet indicates that there have been conceptual alterations in a number of periods. Undoubtedly, a set of changes in the cultural and social atmosphere of a society can play a role in creating changes in the styles of poetry and lyrical themes; as they are a passage for expressing feelings and spiritual belongings. In classical lyric poetry, the beloved beholds a general and stable appearance, moreover, before the constitution, according to the descriptions of the lyricists, no change is visible in this appearance. Nonetheless, by studying the poetry of contemporary lyricists, a variation is seen in romantic themes, mainly in introducing the image of the beloved with a more artistic description. The question that arises here is that which components in the sonnets of contemporary Iranian poets have initiated the emergence of the artistic appearance of the beloved? The research findings show that the dramatic change in the artistic description of the beloved in the contemporary period is due to the type of lover-poet attitude towards the beloved. Components such as the desertion of repetitive descriptions and stereotypes of the beloved image in the sonnet, the use of novel and new similarities and resemblances in describing the beloved image and the invention of new attributes and combinations have led to changes in structure, form and format; furthermore, the lover has lost its generality and has moved towards individuality. Likewise, the owner-slave relationship between the lover and the beloved, which was the result of classical lyric poetry, gave way to a two-way relationship with mutual understanding. These changes are due to the revolution in the poet's lyrical mentality towards man and society. It demonstrations that the lover and the beloved have become closer to each other - and many of the desires of the lover, which were unreachable are now achievable. This approach of contemporary lyricists has led to the artistic depiction of the beloved in the lyric.
Research aims:
1. Explaining the alteration in the image of the beloved in contemporary Iranian lyrical poetry
2. Presenting the effective components in creating an artistic description of the beloved in contemporary lyric poems of Iran
Research questions:
1. What factors played a role in creating a change in contemporary sonnets and descriptions of the beloved?
2. Which components in the lyric poems of contemporary poets have led to the artistic depiction of the beloved?

Keywords

References

Ahmadi Pouranari, Z. (2019). "Two themes from the true description of the beloved in the isolated lyric". Behbahani and Bahmani, Journal of Poetry Research (Bustan Adab), 36, 1-16.
Arvand, M. (2015). "Women's Painting and Historical Perspective, Study of the Qajar, Pahlavi and Contemporary Periods". International Conference on Art, Tehran, 1-11.
Azar, Sh. (2005). I dream in all languages ​​of the world. Tehran: Sales.
Bagheri Khalili, A., & Mehrabi Kali, M. (2018). "Analysis of socio-political discourse of the relationship between lover and beloved in Saadi's lyric poems". Textology of Persian Literature, No. 33, pp. 37-56.
Bahar, M. (2008). The Divan of the King of Spring Poets. Tehran: Negah.
Behbahani, S. (2003). Poetry Collection. Tehran: Negah.
Bahmani, M. (2006). Sometimes I miss myself. Tehran: Darinush.
Braheni, R. (2001). Brighter than Silence (Selected Poetry of Today's Iran, Selected by Morteza Kakhi.
Charmagi Omrani, M. (2013). "Beloved image and his poetic titles and titles in the poems left by Rudaki". Journal of Lyrical Literature, 21, 65-82.
Dastgheib, A. (1961). "Rahi Moayeri". New Message, 2, 30-50.
Dehmardeh, H. (2013). "Ghazal born of love and love born of beauty". Journal of Lyrical Literature, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Eleventh Year, 20, 102-83.
Farrokhzad, F. (2001). Brighter Silence. Selected Poetry of Today in Iran, Selected by Morteza Kakhi, Tehran: Ad
Farrokhzad, F. (2004), Collection of Poems. Tehran: Shadan.
Ghaeini, Z. (2011). Illustration of Children's Books, First Edition, Tehran: Research Institute for the History of Children's Literature.
Golroei, Y. (2009). It rains for you. Tehran: Negah [In Persian].
Iraj, Mirza. (1975). Poetry Divan. by Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub, Tehran: Golshan.
Iranmanesh, M., & Toghyani, I., & Mohammadi Fesharaki, M. (2014). "Artistic structures of the lover and the beloved in the military effect". Journal of Lyrical Literature, 22, 9-30.
Jafari, T. (2006). "A Study of the Language Structures of Housg Ebtehaj's Lyric Poems". Kavoshnameh, 13, 101-120.
Jahanmard, M., & Aghababaei, Z., & Hassan Alian, S. (2017). "Aesthetic commonalities and themes of the beloved Zalf in Persian and Arabic poetry". Quarterly Journal of Comparative Literature Research, 3, 97-126.
Jaleh, M. (2002). "A Review of the Works of Lady Ghazal Simin Behbahani ". Karnameh, 30, 39-41.
Khaleghi Motlagh, J. (1997). "The beauty of the desired perfection of women in Iranian culture". Iranology, 32, 703-716.
Khoei, I. (2001). Brighter than Silence (Selected Poetry of Today's Ira., Selected by Morteza Kakhi.
Luscher, M. (1993). Psychology of Colors. translated by Vida Abizadeh, Tehran: Dersa [In Persian].
Manzavi, H. (2005). With Love Around Disaster (Second Edition). Tehran: Pajeng [In Persian].
Manzavi, H. (2008). Wounded Larynx Lyric, Second Edition, Tehran: Creation [In Persian].
Mir, Mohammad, K. (2014). "The manifestation of the beloved in the mirror of Bafghi's wild poetry". Journal of Lyrical Literature, 23, 245-261 [In Persian].
Moradi, N. (2018). "Ideal Beloved, Beloved-Mother". Contemporary Persian Literature, No. 1, pp. 207-232 [In Persian].
Moshiri, F. (2001). Brighter Silence (Selected Poetry of Today's Iran. Selected by Morteza Kakhi, Tehran.
Mossadegh, H. (2007). Collection of Poems. Tehran: Negah Publishing Institute [In Persian].
Mousavi Garmaroodi, A. (2001). Brighter Silence (Selected Poetry of Today's Iran, Selected by Morteza Kakhi, Tehran: Ad [In Persian].
Naderpour, N. (2001). Brighter than Silence (Selected Poetry of Today's Iran), Selected by Morteza Kakhi, Tehran [In Persian].
Nasiri Zanjan, A. (2007). "Hossein Manzavi, still in isolation". Hafez, 47, 38-41 [In Persian].
Nazari, F. (2016). The Cry of the Emperor (45th edition). Tehran: Surah Mehr [In Persian].
Neyestani, M. (2001). Brighter Silence; Selected Iranian Poetry Today. by Morteza Kakhi, Tehran: Ad [In Persian].
Rahimi, A., & Omid Ali, H. (2013). "Study of the language of Mohammad Ali Bahmani's lyric". Literary Studies and Research, 17, 37-50 [In Persian].
Rahi, M. (2014). Divan of Rahi Moayeri. by Ali Asghar Taheri and Mohammad Taheri, Mashhad: Dariush [In Persian].
Roozbeh, M. (2001). The evolution of Persian lyric poetry, Tehran: Roozbeh [In Persian].
Sehba, Ebrahim (1963). Sahaba's office. second edition, Tehran Ibn Sina Library [In Persian].
Shafiee Kadkani, M. (2001). Periods of Persian poetry (from constitutionalism to the fall of the monarchy). Tehran: Sokhan [In Persian].
Shamloo, A. (2008). Tehran Poetry Collection. Negah Publications [In Persian].
Sheikhi, A., & Dashtbani Malekabad, M. (2018). "A reading on the murals of Mehdi Qolibig Mashhad," Journal of Fine Arts, 1, 39-52 [In Persian].
Wazinpour, N. (1996). Hot praise of shame on the face of Persian literature. Tehran: Moin [In Persian].
Islamic Art Studies
Volume 16, Issue 38 - Serial Number 38
September 2020
Pages 389-410

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics