The Origins of the Judicial Position and the Position of Judges in the Timurid Khorasan Line and its Reflection on Painting

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Theology, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran.

2 PhD, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran.

3 PhD, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

4 PhD, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Local History, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Historical sources or letters have been tools of administration of court affairs in the history of Iran. Recognizing the text of these works is a significant step in acknowledging the mysteries of the ancient administrative structure. One of the imperative pillars of the administrative structure in Iranian society in the Islamic period was the judiciary system. The establishment of justice is one of the most vital Islamic principles in the Muslim community and the kings, as the representatives of God's justice on earth, considered themselves responsible for the institution of justice; hence, this act became conceivable through religious positions, specifically through judging. This article examines the documents of appointment of judges in the Timurid period in Greater Khorasan via a descriptive and analytical method and relying on archival and library data. Findings show that according to the remaining documents and sources, the judges beheld a vast range of authorities in terms of Sharia and local customs in the society and according to the principals of judge selection, they were renowned for their direct relation with the people and courtiers in terms of a governmental and religious outlooks. A number of these judges, while supporting artists, were considered great poets, artists and writers of the Timurid period. Analysis of existing historical drawings emphasizes the importance of this position.
Research aims:
1. An analysis of the state of justice in the Timurid period.
2. An investigation on the role of origins in analyzing the position of judges and its reflection in painting.
Research questions:
1. What was the situation of the Iranian judicial system in Timurid?
2. What is the role of sources in the powers of Timurid judges and the recognition of their duties?

Keywords

References

Afarin, F. (2010). "Analysis of Realism in Iranian Painting from the Timurid to the Qajar Period". Islamic Art Studies, No. 12, pp. 72-53. [In Persian].
Agand, Y. (2008). Shiraz School of Painting, Tehran: Academy of Arts. [In Persian].
Al-Anbari, A. A. (1987). The position of judge of judges in the Abbasid period to the Seljuk period. Beirut: Dar Al-Arabiya. [In Persian].
Al-Hayari, F; Dastjeridi, S. and Alipour, V. (2001). Judgment in the Period of the Timurid Sultans, History of Iran and Islam, No. 20, 12-6. [In Persian].
Arzanjani, Sh. A. T. (n.d.). Manuscript copy, reference number in the library: 517343. Islamic Library and Museum. [In Persian].
Asfzari, M. A. (n.d.). Reference number in the library: 13718, Library and Islamic Documentation Center. [In Persian].
Bennion, L., Wilkinson, J. v. s and Gary, B., (2005). The course of history of Persian painting, Mohammed Iranmanesh, Tehran, Amir Kabir. [In Persian].
Hafiz Abru, Sh. A. D. (1993). The best of dates. Edited by Seyed Kamal Haj Seyed. Tehran: Islamic Culture and Guidance. [In Persian].
Haritage, P. Ch. (1989). Tombs of Herat. Edited by Abdullah Hosseini. Herat: Abdullah Hosseini. [In Persian].
Hosseini Torbati, A. T. (1963). Timurid Tzukat. Tehran: Asadi Bookstore. [In Persian].
Jamal al-Islami, M. I. A. (1979). Homayoun. Homayoun Farrokh, Tehran: National University. [In Persian].
Kashfi, H. (n. d.). Version number: 5911, Parliamentary Library. [In Persian].
Kavinat, l. B. (2005). History of the Mongols. Tehran: Azadmehr Publications. [In Persian].
Khwandmir, Gh. A. (1993). Habib Al-Seir. Edited by Mirhashem Hadian, Tehran: Farhang. [In Persian].
Khanji, Roozbehan. (2000). Alam Arai Amini. Edited by Massoud Sharifian. Tehran: Scientific. [In Persian].
Majidi. M. (n. d.). Document number 97385, Center Library and Museum. [In Persian].
Manuscript number 16354. (n. d.). Library and Documentation Center of the Majlis. [In Persian].
Manuscript number 85529. (n. d.). Library and Documentation Center of the Majlis. [In Persian].
Navai, A. A. (1984). Information from the Timurid period. Edited by Ali Asghar Hekmat, Tehran: Manouchehri. [In Persian].
Rajabzadeh, H. (1976). The culture of religions of Khajeh al-Rasheed al-Din Fazlullah Hamedani. Tehran: Toos. [In Persian].
Saket, M. (1997). Judicial organization in the Islamic world. Mashhad: Nos. 37 and 38. [In Persian].
Samei Dastjerdi, M. (2009). Judicial system in the Timurid period. Isfahan: University of Isfahan. [In Persian].
Samarkandi, N. A. (n. d.). Manuscript, Parliamentary Library, No. 218. [In Persian].
Samarkandi, A. R. (1993). Informed Al-Saadin. Tehran: Institute of Cultural Studies. [In Persian].
Saravani, F. (2015). "The evolution of the symbol of the crown and the scenes of the royal throne in Iranian painting". The Second International Conference on Science and Technology Research. [In Persian].
Silent. M. (1985). Judicial Organization in Islam. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi. [In Persian].
Sepehri, M. (2015). Shiite religion in the period of Timurid rulers. Tehran: Islamic Studies. [In Persian].
Tehrani, A. B. (1977). Deyare Bekr. Tehran: Taheri. [In Persian].
Tusi, N. A. D. (1977). Deyare Bekr. Tehran: Taheri Library. [In Persian].
Wilber, D. (2008). Persian Gardens and Its Pavilions, Translated by Mahin Dokht Saba, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural. [In Persian].
Yarshater, E. (1955). Contemporary poetry in the Shahrokh period. Tehran: University of Tehran. [In Persian].

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics