Following the Safavid period and during the era of Nader Shah Afshar, ideas opposing the Indian Style took shape among poets and literati, which evolved into a literary movement in the Zand period. With the establishment of the Qajar rule and relative peace, a suitable environment for literary activities emerged. One of the prominent figures of this period is a poet and literatus with the pen name "Madhush," who served as the Mollabashi (chief religious official) to Heydar Qoli Mirza, son of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. In addition to his mastery of the Arabic language and the art of calligraphy, he authored a Divan comprising odes (qasidehs), narrative poems (masnavis), lyric poems (ghazals), quatrains (robā'is), fragments (qet'ehs), and epistolary writings (monsha'āt). Nine manuscripts of this poet are preserved in reputable libraries such as the National Library of Tabriz, the Mar'ashi Library in Qom, the Malek Library, the Library of Parliament, and the University of Tehran. Given the diversity of works and the richness of Madhush's poetic themes, the critical edition and stylistic study of his works, as a literary treasure, is an undeniable necessity.
This research, aiming to "introduce the stylistic features of the manuscript of Madhush Golpayegani and examine its reflection in the inscriptions of Qajar-period buildings," has been conducted using a library method and through content analysis of 6,700 verses from his Divan. Findings indicate that Madhush followed the Khorasani style in his odes and the Iraqi style in his lyric poems, being influenced in this path by poets such as Onsori, Farrokhi, Hafez, and Sa'di. Furthermore, comparative studies suggest that the themes and stylistic structures employed in Madhush's poems are also reflected in the decorative inscriptions of Qajar buildings, establishing an inseparable link between the literature and architectural art of this period.
Research Objectives:


Analysis and classification of the dominant stylistic elements in the Divan of Madhush Golpayegani and their literary antecedents.


Identification and explanation of the connections between the poetic themes of this poet and the art of epigraphy in the architecture of the Qajar era.


Research Questions:


What are the most important stylistic features of Madhush Golpayegani's manuscript in the forms of the ode (qasideh) and the lyric poem (ghazal)?


How are these stylistic features reflected in the content and form of the decorative inscriptions on buildings from the Qajar period?