Aesthetics of Satirical Images of Bidel and Kalim and its Reflection in the Art of the Safavid Era

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 P. H. D., student of Persian language and literature, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran.

2 P. H. D., Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran.

3 P. H. D., Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran.

10.22034/ias.2020.238521.1291

Abstract

In the Safavid era, which is one of the most brilliant periods of Iranian-Islamic art, the literary and artistic currents are a complete narration of the culture of the people of that time, which expands the artist's horizons. The close relationship between Iranian poetry and painting in this era and the entanglement of satirical poetry is one of the distinctive features of the art of this period. Among the famous satirical poets of this period, Bidel and Kalim can be mentioned, who brought satirical and critical concepts with their own artistic techniques. The issue that is raised here is the aesthetics of satire in literary works such as Bidel and Kalim and the recognition of this beauty in the art of the Safavid period. The present research is completed via a descriptive and analytical approach, relying on the data of library sources. The findings of the research indicate that the mentioned poets wrote their eloquent words in the structure of their satires with literary-artistic language and by acquiring the secrets of rhetoric, they addressed the people of thought and reflection. Among the famous painters of this era, Kamal- al din Behzad and Reza Abbasi, who created rich paintings with a new attitude can be named. Painters, like satirical poets, have well portrayed the concepts and meanings of the society with a vivid expression that indicates their characteristic recognition. The synchronicity and harmony between poetry and painting can be seen in the social circles of the time, especially in the coffee houses, where different classes of people were present to discuss and critique poetry and its association with painting.

Research aims:
1. Explaining the motivation of poets to design satirical categories in their literary works.
2. Recognizing the reflection of the culture of people of the Safavid era on the poetry and paintings of the period.

Research questions:
1. How did Bidel and Kalim use rhetorical elements in their satires?
2. Have the paintings of the Safavid era been able to reflect the culture of the people of that time?

Keywords

References

Ajand, Y. (2000). "Formation of Safavid Style", Sayah Toubi (Proceedings of the First Biennial International Conference of the Islamic World), Tehran Art Academy, pp. 125-143. [In Persian]
Ajand, Y. (2006). Literary modernity in the constitutional period, Tehran: Humanities Research and Development Institute. [In Persian]
Alavi Moghadam, M. & Ashrafzadeh, R. (1997). Maani and Bayan, Tehran: Samt. [In Persian]
Arab Khazaeli, Ali; Rouhani, Masoud and Ghanipour, Ahmed. (2018). "Symbols and archetypal motifs of religious myths in the poems of Siavash Kasraei and Simin Behbahani", Scientific-Research Journal of Islamic Art Studies, No. 36, pp. 101-128. [In Persian]
Arinpour, Y. (2008). From Saba to Nima, Tehran: Zovar. [In Persian]
Arthur, P. (2002). Satire, (Saeed Saeedpour, Trans.). Tehran: Markaz Publications. [In Persian]
Ashrafi, M. M. (2005). The evolution of Iranian painting, translated by Zohra Faizi, Tehran: Art Academy. [In Persian]
Ayatollahi, H. A. (2006). "Reza Abbasi, a painter who explains the face of time", from the collection of painting essays of the Isfahan school, Tehran, art college, pp. 21-2. [In Persian]
Behraminejad, F. & Kabuli, M. H. (2018). "Cultural Engineering in the Formation of Islamic Architecture Model", Scientific-Research Journal of Islamic Art Studies, Vol. 36, pp. 27-46. [In Persian]
Behzadi Andohjardi, H. (1999). Today's satirists of Iran, Tehran: Dostan. [In Persian]
Bidel Dehlavi, A. l Q. (2010). 5 volumes, revised by Khan-Mohammed Ghastir and Khalilullah Khalili, by Bahman Khalifa Benarwani, Tehran: Talaiyeh. [In Persian]
Critchley, S. (2005). About humor, (Sohail Sami, Trans.). Tehran: Qoqnos. [In Persian]
Dosti, Mo. H.; Farrokhzad, M. M. & Heydari Nouri, R. (2018), "Joy in Saadi's sonnets and its reflection in Iranian painting", Scientific-Research Journal of Islamic Art Studies, Vol. 36, pp. 46-63. [In Persian]
Kalim Kashani, A. T. (1996). Edited by Mohammad Kahraman, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi. [In Persian]
Kariminia, M.; Jamali, Sh. & Moradi, S. (2018). "Natural and visual elements in Bidel Dehlavi's poetry", Scientific-Research Journal of Islamic Art Studies, No. 36, pp. 279-296. [In Persian]
Khorramshahi, B. (2001). Hafeznameh, Tehran: Soroush. [In Persian]
Mousavi Garmarodi, S. A. (2010). An introduction to humor in contemporary history, Tehran: Institute of Iranian History Studies. [In Persian]
Memarzadeh, M. (2006). "Indian Style and Isfahan School", Visual Arts Studies Quarterly, No. 1, pp. 57-76. [In Persian]
Moin al-Dini, M. & Asar Kashani, I. (2012). "The evolution of the aesthetics of nature in the monographs of the Isfahan school", Jelve Honar, No. 9, pp. 77-90. [In Persian]
Nikoi, M.; Qojezadeh, A.; Khodadadi Mahabadi, M. & Kakavand Ghale Nui, F. (2018). "Conceptual adaptation of the fish symbol in mythology, Quran, Masnavi and spirituality and its application in works of art", Scientific-Research Journal of Islamic Studies, No. 36, pp. 259-268. [In Persian]
Pakbaz, R. (2004). Iranian painting from ancient times to today, Vol. 3, Tehran: Zarin and Simin. [In Persian]
Pakbaz, R. (2005). Encyclopaedia of Art, Vol. 4, Tehran: Contemporary Culture. [In Persian]
Pusheraki, M. (2010). Naqd Badi, Tehran: Samt. [In Persian]
Radfar, A. Q (1994). "The art of humor and its realm", Persian Kand magazine, Vol. 6, pp. 70-91. [In Persian]
Radfar, A. Q. (1995). "What is humor and who is a satirist?", Parsi Gand Magazine, vol. 7, pp. 139-158. [In Persian]
Razi, Sh. Q. (1981). Al-Ma'jam Fi Ma'ayir Al-Ash'ar Al-Ajm, Edited by Mohammad Taghi Modares Razavi, Tehran: Zovar. [In Persian]
Rostgar Fasai, M. (2010). Varieties of Persian prose, Tehran: Samt. [In Persian]
Shad Qazvini, P. (2010). "The change of the style of painting during the period of Shah Abbas I", a collection of essays on painting in the school of Isfahan, pp. 146-164. [In Persian]
Shafii Kadkani, M. R. (1989). Poetry Music, Tehran: Aghaz. [In Persian]
Shafii Kadkani, M. R. (2005). Imaginary images in Persian poetry, Tehran: Aghaz. [In Persian]
Shafii Kadkani, M. R. (2006). The Poet of Mirrors, Tehran: Aghaz. [In Persian]
Sorkheh, M. Hosseinzadeh Qashlagi, S. (2016). "Cultural factors affecting the transformation of the role of human elements in the fabrics of the Safavid and first Qajar periods", Scientific-Research Journal of Islamic Art Studies, vol. 28, pp. 21-41. [In Persian]
Vahidian Kamiyar, M. T. (2014). Badi from an aesthetic point of view, Tehran: Samt. [In Persian]
Islamic Art Studies
Volume 18, Issue 43 - Serial Number 43
February 2021
Pages 461-479

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics