An Analysis of Contemporary Iranian-Islamic Architecture based on the Perspective of Traditional Architecture Masters, in Order to Provide a Qualitative Model (Case Example: Shrine of Hazrat-e Masoumeh (PBUH))

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

2 PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

3 PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

4 PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Education Management, Mahalat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahalat, Iran.

10.22034/ias.2022.320292.1829

Abstract

Iranian-Islamic architecture has undergone a diverse development process from the beginning of its emergence until now; moreover, during the contemporary period, new coordinates have been introduced; therefore, the examination of these indicators play an imperative role in recognizing the Iranian-Islamic model of architecture. The present research method is a qualitative-phenomenological study. The research environment includes all the masters of traditional architecture as well as all scientific articles and documents published in prestigious scientific journals related to Islamic architecture. The purposeful sampling method is to the point of saturation and thus 18 candidates of masters in traditional architecture were selected for the research. To complete the necessary codes, 41 articles related to Islamic architecture from domestic and foreign reliable databases were also used. The data collection tool for the qualitative method was an in-depth interview. The seven-step method of Claysey was used to analyze the data. In general, the results of the research showed that the opinions of the masters of traditional architecture in relation to the quality of Islamic architecture based on the shrine of Hazrat-e Masoumeh (PBUH) include nine general themes (perception of unity, perception of value, perception of becoming royal, perception of sense of belonging to a place, perception of immortality, perception of meaning, perception of the world of existence, perception of purposefulness of the universe and perception of reasonable life), 29 organizing themes and 252 basic themes.

Research aims:
1. Analysis of contemporary Iranian-Islamic architecture from the perspective of traditional architecture masters based on the shrine of Hazrat-e Masoumeh.
2. Exploration of Iranian-Islamic architecture in order to provide a qualitative model.

Research questions:
1. What are the dimensions and components of the enrichment model of Iranian-Islamic architecture in the shrine of Hazrat-e Masoumeh (PBUH)?
2. What is the interpretative-symbolic model extracted from the perspective of traditional architecture masters and scientific articles and documents to improve the quality of Islamic architecture based on the shrine of Hazrat-e Masoumeh (PBUH)?

Keywords

References

Holy Quran
Akbari Ferimani, M. (2011). Cultural needs of foreign pilgrims of Imam Reza, Social Studies of Iran, No. 3 and 4, pp. 52-34. [In Persian]
Akkach, S. (2012). Cosmology and architecture in premodern Islam: An architectural reading of mystical ideas. State University of New York Press.
Allameh Hali, H. B.Y. (1419 AH). Kashf al-Morad, vol.1, Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami Publishing House. [In Arabic]
Anabaft City Consortium, Architecture and Urban Planning Association of Alborz Province, Society of Urban Engineers Benashehr Paydar Institute - Salvi Nasr Cultural and Artistic Institute. [In Persian].
Ardalan, N & Bakhtiar, A. (2011). The sense of unity of the role of tradition in Iranian architecture, Tehran: Institute of Islamic Art. [In Persian]
Arabi, M. (2015). How to reflect spirit of the time in the current architecture of Iran. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society. Special Issue: Research and Practice in Architecture and Urban Studies in Developing Countries, 3(2-1), pp. 64-69.
Ascher-Barnstone, D. (2003). Transparency: A brief introduction. Journal of Architectural Education, 56(4), pp. 3-5.
Astyrln, H. (1998). Isfahan image of heaven, Tehran: publishing Farzan.
Azeri, O. M. I. D. (2015). Recognizing and Realization of Stable Identity, Values and Philosophy of Islamic Art in the Creation of Architectural Excellence. Current World Environment, 10(Special Issue), p. 990.
Azhdari, M. (2018). Identity in architecture: the forgotten legacy of Islamic architecture in contemporary architecture and urban planning. International Congress on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Contemporary Urban Planning of the World, UAE-Dubai. [In Persian]
Azami, Z.; Sheikh Al-Hakmayi, M. A. & Sheikh Al-Hakmayi, T. (2012). Comparative study of plant motifs on the plasterwork of Tisophon's palace with the first mosques of Iran, Journal of Fine Arts - Visual Arts, No. 4, pp. 15-24. [In Persian]
Azizian, M. S; Ghadimi, Y. & Bahadur, A. (2013). The concept of identity and architecture in contemporary architecture, the second national conference on architecture, restoration, urban planning and sustainable environment, Hamedan, Hegmatane Environmental Assessors Association, Shahid Muftah College. [In Persian]
Bemanian, M. R.; Jalwani, M. & Arjamandi, S. (2015). Investigating the relationship between spatial configuration and wisdom in the Islamic architecture of Isfahan school mosques, case examples: Aghanoor Mosque, Imam Mosque of Isfahan and Sheikh Lotf-Allah Mosque, Iranian Architectural Studies Quarterly, No. 9, pp. 156-141. [In Persian]
Bemanian, M. & Azimi, S. F. (2010). Reflection of meanings emanating from Islamic worldview in architectural design, Iranian Islamic City Studies Quarterly, number two, pp. 39-48. [In Persian]
Bianco, L. (2018). Architecture, values and perception: Between rhetoric and reality. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 7(1), pp. 92-99.
Cairns Jr, J. (2002). Sustainability and sacred values. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 13, pp. 15-27.
Castanheira, A. G. (2004). Mortalities Immortality (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
Damyar, S. (2013). The relationship between human perception aspects and identity factors in architecture, Housing and Village Environment Journal, No. 146, pp. 91-106. [In Persian]
Daneshpour, S A. H.; Ghafari Azar, Z. & Dorousti, F. (2017). The manifestation of the world of example in the design of urban space, a journey from fantasy to reality; Case Study: Qibla Square in the Holy City of Mashhad, Islamic Architecture Research Quarterly, Issue 20, pp. 170-187. [In Persian]
Diba, D. (2008). Architecture of Iran Today, Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, No. 54 and 55. [In Persian]
DORRI, A., & TALISCHI, G. (2018). Bounded and boundlessness of the Islamic architecture spatial structure in Safavid era mosques (Case Study: Sheikh Lotfollah and Imam Mosque of Isfahan).
Goderzi Soroush, M M & Haji Babaei, I. (2011). Immortality in the works of Islamic architecture, the second national conference on architecture and identity focusing on Iranian Islamic housing, Hamedan, Sama Hamedan Educational Cultural Center. [In Persian]
Goudini, J., Bakhtiarimanesh, E., & Barati, N. (2018). Reflection on Existential Levels of Environment and its Manifestation in Iranian-Islamic Cultural Context (Case Study: Yard). The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 15(59), pp. 5-16.
Haji Ghasemi, C. (2010). Ganjnameh: Culture of Iranian architectural works, Twelfth book: Imamzadehs and tombs (second part). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian]
Hettiarachchi, A. A. (2002). Concept of unity in Architecture: the manifestation on spirit of place (Doctoral dissertation).
Hijazi, M. & Mehdizadeh Siraj, F. (2013). The relationship between meaning, beauty of form and structure in the architecture of the Islamic era, Scientific-research quarterly of Islamic architectural research, number two, pp. 7-22. [In Persian]
Hijazi, M. (2000). Symbolism in the architecture of mosques, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mosque Architecture, Future, Volume 1, Kashan: Mehr. [In Persian]
Hillenbrand, R. (2001). Islamic Architecture. (Baqer Ayatollah Zadeh Shirazi, Trans.). Tehran: Rosenha Publishing. [In Persian]
Houshmand Shabanabadi, F. (2014). Inspiration and understanding of the fundamental concepts and spatial system of Iranian architecture, the first specialized conference on architecture and urban planning in Iran, Shiraz, Hakim Arafi Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Shiraz. [In Persian]
Jafari, N. (2015). Investigation of the architecture and decorations of shrines (case study: Shrine of Hazrat Fatima Masoumeh (PBUH), the second international conference on architecture, civil engineering and urban planning at the beginning of the third millennium, Tehran,
Jalili, T., Abi, K., & Asl, Y. B. (2016). Evaluating the effect of physical elements of the mosque from the concepts of wisdom and philosophy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 3(2).
Jovan Faruzandeh, A. & Matlabi, Q. (2011). "The concept of a sense of belonging to a place and its constituent factors", Shahr Identity Magazine, No. 8, pp. 27-37. [In Persian]
Kamili, M. (2018). "Analysis of evaluation indices of the religious footpaths of the shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh "S", Scientific-Research Quarterly of Islamic Iranian City Studies, 35th issue, pp. 19-31. [In Persian]
Khakzand, M. & Qurbanzadeh, D. (2015). A phenomenological look at the design of holy urban landscapes, Two quarterly journals of urban landscape research, number 5, pp. 25-35. [In Persian]
Khaki, A., & Abad, A. S. H. (2015). The essence of Islamic architecture of Mosques: A reflection on the spiritual identity and sacred suppositions. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi; Vol 36, No 4 (2015): Special Issue II; pp. 2314-2321.
Khalil, K. F., & Wahid, J. (2013). The proportional relations systems of Islamic architecture. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(1), pp. 1-12.
Matlabi, Q. & Shidfar, A. (2012). Identity crisis in the contemporary architecture of Iran and benefiting from the experience of other countries in redefining the identity of Iranian-Islamic architecture (case example: India and Japan), the second national conference of Islamic architecture and urban planning, Tabriz, Islamic Art University of Tabriz. [In Persian]
Matlabi, Qasim; Islami, F.; Taheri, S.; Gardi Takhti, S. & Mahdavi, A. (2015). Changing the perception of the meaning of the shrine of Imam Reza (A. S.) in relation to time, Two scientific-specialized quarterly journals of Fizoh Islam, number 1, pp. 15. [In Persian]
Mazumdar, S., & Mazumdar, S. (2004). Religion and place attachment: A study of sacred places. Journal of environmental psychology, 24(3), pp. 385-397.
McLoughlin, S. (2009). Holy places, contested spaces: British Pakistani accounts of pilgrimage to Makkah and Madinah. Muslims in Britain: Race, place and identities, pp. 132-149.
Momtahan, M.; Hojjat, I. & Nari Qomi, M. (2016). A reflection on the concept and value of creativity: the creative value of model-based architecture (comparison of traditional, contemporary and Islamic value frameworks), Iranian Architecture Quarterly, No. 11, pp. 63-84. [In Persian]
Nasralahi, P. (2014). The role of God-centered design in the future works of Muslims, the second international research conference in science and technology, Turkey-Istanbul. [In Persian]
Noghrekar, A. H.; Mardumi, K. & Raisi, M. (2011). A Reflection on the Epistemological Foundations of Contemporary Architecture, Arman Shahr Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, No. 9, pp. 1443-152. [In Persian]
Namiri, M. E., & Sani, R. M. (2017). Symbolic meaning of colours in safavid and ottoman mosques. Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies, 10(1), pp. 91-123.
Nasri, A. (2016). Investigating Shape Unifying Elements in Iranian-Islamic Architecture (Case Study: Isfahan Imam Khomeini (PHUB) Mosque). TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION, 6, p. 764.
Nejad, J. M., Zarghami, E., & Abad, A. S. H. (2016). A study on the concepts and themes of color and light in the exquisite islamic architecture. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8(3), pp. 1077-1096.
O'Brien, C., Muyllaert, M., & Guest, B. (2009). Guidelines for the care, conservation and recording of historic graveyards in Co. Waterford. Waterford County Council.
Omer, S. (2008). Towards understanding Islamic architecture. Islamic Studies, pp. 483-510.
Omer, S. (2011). Islamic architecture and the prospect of its revival today. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 1(2), pp. 103-121.
Pakzad, J. (2003). Quality of space. Abadi Journal. Deputy of Urban Development and Architecture, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, No. 37. [In Persian]
Pearson, M. P., & Richards, C. (2003). Ordering the world: perceptions of architecture, space and time. In Architecture and order (pp. 14-46). Routledge.
Petruccioli, A., & Pirani, K. K. (Eds.). (2013). Understanding islamic architecture. Routledge.
Qabadian, V. (2005). Basics and concepts in contemporary western architecture, Tehran: Cultural Research Office. [In Persian]
Qashqaei, R.; Mohed, Kh. & Mohammadzadeh, H. A. (2015). Evaluating the sense of belonging to a place with an emphasis on physical and environmental factors in urban beaches (case study: Bushehr beach), Scientific-Research Quarterly of Urban Planning Geography Research, No. 2, pp. 161-282. [In Persian]
Qaraeti, H. (2014). Identity in Iranian Architecture, National Conference on Iranian-Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning. [In Persian]
Quds Wali, M. (2013). Iranian architecture and Islamic values, the first national conference in search of the city of tomorrow and Akavi concepts and examples in the Islamic-Iranian city, Tehran: Diba Ofog Raya Company. [In Persian]
Rebic, M. (2002). Shared Space, Common Bond, Vol. 17, No. 1. New York: New York Landmarks Conservanc.
Rezaei Nadushan, M.; Daneshpour, S. A. H. & Behzadfar, M. (2018). The evolution of Hazrat Masoumeh's (PBUH) shrine with an emphasis on the hierarchy of entry (tashraf) from the Safavid period to the Qajar period, Two scientific-research quarterly Iranian architectural studies, number 16, pp. 81-104. [In Persian]
Salimi., A., & Yurtyapan, S.., & Aysegul, Kara Pilehvarian., N. (2016). THE Role and Impact of F Rellgion on the Architechter of Mosques and Churches, The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication – TOJDAC.
Sarathi Mishra., Partha., Das., A. (2014). Building Material: Significance and Impact on Architecture, See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281198156
Shamsuddin, S., & Ujang, N. (2008). Making places: The role of attachment in creating the sense of place for traditional streets in Malaysia. Habitat international, 32(3), pp. 399-409.
Shaw, W. M. (2019). What is “Islamic” art? Between religion and perception. Cambridge University Press.
Taghilu, H. (2009). Reasonable life from the point of view of Allameh Mohammad Taqi Jafari, master's thesis in the field of Islamic philosophy and theology, University of Qom. [In Persian]
Tagvai, M., Mousavi, S. A. & Gholami Bimorgh, Y. (2010). Analysis on the development of religious tourism, Humanities Quarterly, No. 31. [In Persian]
Tanbaghi, R.; Farozanfar, F. (2014). Identity and ways to revive it in contemporary architecture of Iran, National Conference of Iranian-Islamic Architecture and Urban Planning. [In Persian]
Vesey, S. (2006). Architecture, human and local identity, Zaribar Journal, No. 60, pp. 248-235. [In Persian]
Vosko, R. (1991). Designing Future Worship Spaces. Meeting House Essays, 8.
Zare, F. & Shahnazari, J. (2016). Characteristics of reasonable life as the supreme goal of man and the ways to reach it in the thought of Allameh Mohammad Taghi Jafari, Scientific-Research Quarterly of Philosophy of Religion, No. 1, pp. 49-73. [In Persian]
Zorba, M.; Khazarian, A. R. & Biglery, S. (2014). A sense of unity in contemporary Iranian architecture (with an emphasis on the house of Daryabandari and Azarba by Iraj Kalantari), National Conference on Culture, Tourism, and Urban Identity. [In Persian]
Mohdi, F. & Maghani Kahramanloui, R. (2015). Explaining the architectural components governing religious buildings from the perspective of judgment and phenomenology, Urban Management Quarterly, No. 44, pp. 154-139. [In Persian]
Yavari, M., & Ayvazian, S. (2018). The Explanation of Architectural Components Affecting Monumental Tombs in Contemporary Iran. Space Ontology International Journal, 7(4), pp. 25-40.
Islamic Art Studies
Volume 19, Issue 45 - Serial Number 45
February 2021
Pages 341-363

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics