Investigating the Effect of Islamic Culture and Art on the Convergence and Divergence of Iran and Pakistan

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student in Political Science, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.

2 (The Corresponding Author) PhD in Political Science, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 PhD in Political Science, Assistant Professor of Political Studies in the Middle East, Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.

10.22034/ias.2020.228352.1234

Abstract

Iran and Pakistan, as two neighboring countries, have long had extensive political and cultural ties. Undoubtedly, one of the most significant factors that has played a chief role in the outgoing relations and convergence of the two countries has been the participation in religious culture. However, in the last century, the relationship between the two countries has not always been in the form of convergence and now and then in the form of divergence. Convergent and divergent forces, which play a major role in determining the quality of national cohesion, are not separate concepts, but variables that are inversely related and affected by each other. Convergent and divergent forces play a major role in determining how and the quality of national cohesion, they are not separate concepts, nonetheless variables that are inversely related and affected by each other. This descriptive-analytical study attempts to analyze the issue of Islamic culture and art in terms of influencing the process of convergence and divergence between Iran and Pakistan. Eventually, it came to the conclusion that extremist Islamic culture and art, due to domestic, national, and international issues such as the existence of religious schools, Saudi intervention, or the US presence in Pakistan, hampered convergence with Iran and posed a challenging path especially considering the fact that Iran-India relations have more favorable and beneficial economic conditions for Iran in recent years.

Research aims:
An analysis on role of Islamic culture and art in the convergence and divergence of relations between Iran and Pakistan.
A Study of the challenges of religious culture and art in achieving convergence between Iran and Pakistan.

Research questions:
Do Islamic culture and art have an effect on the convergence and divergence of relations between Iran and Pakistan?
To what extent has the cultural and artistic convergence and divergence of Iran and Pakistan affected the relations between Iran and Pakistan?

Keywords

References

Amjad, M. (2013). "Convergence Theory and Organization of the Islamic Conference", Research Quarterly of Imam Sadegh (AS) University, No. 18 and 19, pp. 8-8. [In Persian]
Amiri, H. (2012). The role of political-security factors in the underdevelopment of Chabahar Free Zone, Master Thesis in Political Geography, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian]
Amri Rad, D. (2015). Iran-Pakistan Relations after the Islamic Revolution, Master Thesis, Imam Sadegh University. [In Persian]
Ezzati, E. A. (2013). Geopolitics in the 21st Century, Tehran: Samat Publications. [In Persian]
Griffiths, M. (2010). Encyclopedia of International Relations and World Politics, Translator: Alireza Tayeb. Tehran: Ney Publishing. [In Persian]
Hafiz Nia, M. R. (2015). Principles and Concepts of Geopolitics, Mashhad: Papli Publications. [In Persian]
Hafeznia, M. R.; Shams Dolatabadi, M. & Afshardi, M. H. (2017). "Iran's Geopolitical Interests in Central Asia and Opportunities Ahead", Geopolitical Quarterly, No. 3, pp. 27-22. [In Persian]
Kargar, B. (1995). Islamic Republic of Pakistan; Geographical Issues with Attitudes Toward Human and Political Aspects, Undergraduate Thesis. [In Persian]
Karimipour, Y. A. (2018). An Introduction to Iran and Its Neighbors (Sources of Tension and Threat), Tehran: Tarbiat Moallem University Jihad Publications. [In Persian]
Khazaee, S. (2018) "Study of the Impact of the Islamic Revolution on the Political-Organizationalization of the Shiites in Pakistan in the First Decade of the Islamic Revolution", Master Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian]
Mohammadi, N. (2016). Geography of neighboring countries; Pakistan, Tehran: Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces Publications. [In Persian]
Mujtahedzadeh, P. (2018). Political Geography and Geographical Politics, Tehran: Samat Publishing. [In Persian]
Pishgahi Fard, Z. & Ghodsi, A. (2018). "Study and Analysis of Geopolitical Characteristics of Pakistan and Its Role in Relations with Other Countries", Quarterly Journal of Geographical Research, No. 63, pp. 99-81. [In Persian]
Rahmani Azar, J. (2018). Geopolitical Contexts of Turkish Involvement in Northern Iraq from 1950 to 2007, M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Ramezanzadeh, A. & Jokar, M. S. (2011). Ziba, Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Transformation, Tehran: Office of International Political Studies. [In Persian]
Rokkhah, F. (2015). Familiarity with the economic and trade group of Islamic countries d-8, the site of the Islamic Propaganda Organization. [In Persian]
Safavid, S. Y. (2018). Introduction to Iran's military geography; Volume One Northwest and West of the country, Tehran: Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces Publications.
Salimi, H. (2019). "Southwest Asia as a region? Analysis of the Application of the Southwest Asian Region ", Geopolitical Quarterly, No. 2, pp. 118-115. [In Persian]
Sangi, L. (2014). Reasons for Pakistan's presence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national interests, M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian]
Shafi'i, M. A. (2019). "Geopolitical and Geoeconomic Analysis of Iran-India Gas Pipeline", Journal of Geographical Space of Ahar Azad University, No. 26, pp. 52-48. [In Persian]

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics