Explanation of Religious and Artistic Policies in the Geography of the Ayyubid Conquests (567-648 AH / 1172-1253 AD)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Arak University, Arak, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

10.22034/ias.2020.242395.1309

Abstract

The emergence of the Ayyubid government (567-648 AH / 1172-1253 AD) ‌ occurred at a time when on the one hand the Abbasid caliphs were in the last years of their lives and were incapable of governing Islamic lands. On the other hand, the attacks of the Mongol invaders from the east and the crusaders from the west of the Islamic world added to this inability; Therefore, Salah al-Din's efforts to establish relative stability in Egypt and the Levant by reviving and consolidating the Sunni religion, especially the recapture of Jerusalem, highlighted a new perspective in the Islamic world. Due to the incoherence of art and politics of this period, no single style was created for an art such as painting. Among the surviving illustrated copies from the Ayyubid period are copies of Kelileh and Demneh, Maghamat-e Hariri and the book Mukhtar al-Hakam wa Mahasin al-Kalam. This research is carried out via a descriptive and analytical method by relying on the data of library resources. Studies show that the Ayyubid government extended its revenge on the Ismaili Fatimids to all Shiites and propagated the four Sunni religions in Egypt in a completely radical way. On the one hand, this led to the migration of Shiites to southern Egypt, the Levant, Yemen, Iran, and India, and on the purification or indigestion of other groups such as the Sufis, and on the other hand, the four Sunni religions strengthened.

 Research objectives
Recognition of Ayubian religious and artistic policies;
Analysis of religious and artistic developments during the Ayyubid period.

Research questions:
What changes have taken place in the area of ​​religious and artistic geography during the reign of the Ayyubid government?
What were the reasons for the religious and artistic policies of the Ayyubid sultans?

Keywords

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Islamic Art Studies
Volume 18, Issue 42 - Serial Number 42
February 2021
Pages 103-117

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