Islamic Art Studies

Islamic Art Studies

Investigation of the newly known Estrabadi school in the middle of the Safavid period By studying the illustrations of the Shahnameh of Estrabadi in the Malek Museum of Tehran with a historical approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Reza Sakhtemangar 1
Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh 2
Abolfazl Davodi RoknAbadi 3
Mohammad Aref 4
1 PhD Candidate in comparative and analytical history of Islamic art, Department of Art Research, Faculty of Arts, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD, Professor, Art Research Department, Faculty of Art, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 PhD, Professor, Art Research Department, Faculty of Arts, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.
4 PhD, Professor, Theater Department, Faculty of Arts, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/ias.2023.393881.2187
Abstract
Statement of the problem: the study of 15 unique and unknown illustrations of the Shahnameh of Estrabadi in the Malek Museum of Tehran, due to the lack of background, date and signatures of the painters, as well as the lack of comprehensive information from other illustrations scattered in other countries, especially British museums, can identify an independent state workshop in the middle Safavid period in Estrabad state is very helpful. So far, no comprehensive research has been done on this 15 paintings, which is the only version attributed to Astrabadi available in Iran, and which provides the possibility for the researcher to examine it closely. The two main questions of this research, after analyzing the historical, cultural and social conditions of these paintings, are first to determine their authenticity to the Estrabad workshop in the middle of the Safavid period, and then the uniqueness of the style of these paintings from contemporary art schools.
Objective: To identify the quantitative and qualitative authenticity of 15 illustrations of the Estrabadi Shahnameh of the Malek Museum of Tehran to the Estrabad state workshop in the middle of the Safavid era, and also to receive the effects of these illustrations from contemporary schools, despite having unique elements.
Research method: The study method is descriptive and analytical with a historical approach.
Findings: The results of the research show that the illustrators of this version were influenced by their previous and contemporary models, especially the Qazvin, Mashhad, Tabriz 2 and Herat schools.
Keywords
Safavid Period
Painting
Malek National Library and Museum
Shahnameh Estrabadi
Subjects
Abu alFada, E. b. A. (1840). Taghvim ol Boldan. by Renaud and Dusslon, Paris. [In Persian]
Afshar, E. (1991). Alamarai of Shah Tahmasab. Tehran: World of Books. [In Persian]
Alipour, R.; & Sheikhzadeh, M. (2015). Symbolology of Rostam sleeping and the battle of Rakhsh and Lion from the perspective of wisdom and myth. Peykare, 5(10), p. 1. [In Persian]
Bahari, A. (2011). Behzad, master of Iranian painting. (Ahmad Behjat, Trans.), Shabestar: Islamic Azad University, Shabestar branch. [In Persian]
Birouni, A. (1955). Masoudi Law, Hyderabad: Deccan. [In Persian]
Binion, W.; & Gray, B. (2008). The history of Iranian painting. (Mohammad Iranmanesh, Tran.) Tehran: Amir Kabir. [In Persian]
Beyhaqi, A. (1989). History, by the efforts of Khalil Khatib Rahbar. Tehran: Mahtab Publications. [In Persian]
Canby, S. (Ed.). (2014). The Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp: The Persian Book of Kings. Yale University Press.
Estarabadi, M. M. M. (1962). Jahangashai Naderi. by Abdullah Anwar, Tehran: Ashrafi National Art. [In Persian]
Fadavi, M. (2011). Estrabad, Safavie period native bookmaking center (second half of the 10th century and first half of the 11th century A.H.), master's thesis, supervisor: Yaqoub Azhand, Tabriz: University of Islamic Arts. [In Persian]
Hakim, M. T. (1987). Ganj Danesh, historical geography of Iranian cities. by Mohammad Ali Souti and others, Tehran: Zarin. [In Persian]
Hillenbrand, R. (2000). Persian painting: from the Mongols to the Qajars: studies in honour of Basil W. Robinson. (No Title).
Jafari Dehkordi, N.; & Ghazizadeh, Kh. (2017). Weapons of light and curl: a case study of mirrored octagonal stars in the illustrations of Walters' Safavid Shahnameh. Fine Arts Visual Arts, (23), pp. 54-47. [In Persian]
Kenby, Sh. (2008). The Golden Age of Iranian Art. (Hassan Afshar, Trans.) Tehran: Center Publications. [In Persian]
Khandmir, Gh. (1974). Habib al Sir. by the efforts of Mohammad Debirsiyaghi, Tehran: Khayyam bookstore. [In Persian]
Marashi, Z. (1984). History of Tabaristan, Royan and Mazandaran. by Bernard Darren, Tehran: Gostareh. [In Persian]
Moin, M (2007). Farhang Farsi Moin. Tehran: Zarin. [In Persian]
Monshi, E. (1971). Alamarai Abbasi. Tehran: Amir kabir. [In Persian]
Moghadam Ashrafi, M (1988), Synchronization of painting with literature. (Rouyin Pakbaz, Trans.) Tehran: Negah. [In Persian]
Montazer Saheb, A. (1970). Alam Araye Shah Esmaeal. Tehran: Book Translation and Publishing Company. [In Persian]
Pakbaz, R. (2012). Iranian painting from ancient times to today. (Eleventh ed.), Tehran, Zarin and Simin publications. [In Persian]
Robinson, B.W. (2011). The history of Iranian art (11) The art of Iranian painting. (Yaqoub Azhand, Trans.), (Third ed.), Tehran: Moli Publications. [In Persian]
Robinson, B. W. (1967). Persian miniature painting from collections in the British Isles. (No Title).
Robinson, B. W. (1958). A descriptive catalogue of the Persian paintings in the Bodleian Library.
Sadri, A.; & Esmati, H. (2015). Introduction of the depiction of the killing of the white demon by Rostam in the three Shahnamehs of Baisangari, Tehamasbi and Estrabadi. Astan Honar, (13), pp. 103-98. [In Persian]
Safa, Z. (2000). Epic writing in Iran: from the oldest historical era to the 14th century of Hijri. Tehran: Amir Kabir. [In Persian]
Sotoudeh, M. (1961). Hodoud Alam men al mashregh ela al maghreb. Tehran: University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Shirvani, Z. A. (1936). Bostan Al Siaha. Tehran: Dibagaran Cultural and Art Institute. [In Persian]
Tavernier, J. B. (2003). travelogue. (Hamid Arbab Shirani, Trans.), Tehran: Nilufar. [In Persian]