Islamic Art Studies

Islamic Art Studies

Management and executive policies of cultural and artistic tourism, a comparative index of Tehran tourism companies

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Markazi, Iran.
2 Department of management, college of human science, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Markazi, Iran.
3 Department of management, college of human science, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh,Markazi, Iran.
10.22034/ias.2021.252317.1389
Abstract
Competitiveness of tourism destinations and competitiveness in the travel and tourism industry in general, has become a vital factor for maintaining life and growth in the global market in the face of increased leisure and rising levels of surplus income, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Competition Acceptability is the ability of a country to produce goods and services to offer in international markets and at the same time maintain and improve the level of income of citizens in the long run. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue, this study examines the competitive advantage indicators of tourism companies in Tehran and provides a comprehensive and efficient model. The type of research was applied in nature and based on analytical method.
The results showed that the seven factors of the model in the present study have a significant effect on the competitiveness of tourism companies in Tehran. The positive sign of regression coefficients also indicates a direct effect between variables; this means that if the seven factors mentioned are improved, the competitiveness of tourism companies in Tehran will also be improved. Also, according to the results, the evidence indicates that out of 19 factors identified in the present study, only 7 factors (strategy, service quality, image, customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, value and financial performance) were confirmed.
Keywords

اکبرپور، حمیدرضا. (۱۳۹۴). «اقتصاد گردشگری در ایران». دومین همایش ملی گردشگری، سرمایه‌های ملی و چشم‌انداز آینده، اصفهان، شرکت توسعه‌سازان گردشگری اصفهان.
ایمانی خوشخو، محمدحسین؛ علی‌زاده، ولی‌اﷲ. (1392). «اقتصاد گردشگری (مروری بر پیشینۀ تحقیق در خارج و داخل)». فصلنامه گردشگری دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، دوره 1، شماره1، 20-1.
باقری، مسلم؛ شجاعی پیام و کیانی، مهرداد. (1395). «ارائه مدل تفسیری ساختاری شاخص‌های رقابت‌پذیری سفر و گردشگری: مطالعه موردی: استان فارس». مجله‌ برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه گردشگری، شماره‌ 18، 157-137.
جعفرتاش، برزین؛ پویان‌زاده، نسترن. (1393). «ارزیابی و اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌های رقابت‌پذیری صنعت گردشگری ایران». فرآیند مدیریت توسعه، دوره 28،  شماره 3، 106-85.
­ حسن کاشی، میترا. (1395). «اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر رقابت‌پذیری ایران در گردشگری حلال». فصلنامه فضای گردشگری، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
رضا تنها، صابر. (1388). «اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر رقابت‌پذیری گردشگری شهر اصفهان از دیدگاه گردشگران داخلی». پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علامه.
فرزین، محمدرضا؛ نادعلی­پور، زهرا. (1390). «عوامل مؤثر بر مزیت رقابتی مقصدهای گردشگری در ایران (مورد مطالعه: منطقه چابهار)». فصلنامه مطالعات گردشگری، شماره 14، 67-41.
قدیری معصوم، مجتبی؛ سوری، فرشاد؛ شغیعی عربی، میرعلی و بهرامی، مجتبی. (1392). «ارزیابی و اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌های تأثیرگذار بر صنعت توریسم روستایی با مدل آمیخته بازاریابی پی سون: مطالعه موردی شهرستان‌های انتخابی استان مازندران». مدیریت شهری، شماره 32: 152-139.
نادعلیپور، زهرا. (1392). «ارزیابی کیفیت مدیریت مقصد گردشگری از دیدگاه مزیت رقابتی مطالعه موردی: منطقه چابهار». فصلنامه گردشگری دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، دوره1، شماره 1، 17-1.
نادریان، موژان. (1394). «ارزیابی رقابت‌مندی گردشگری ایران (از آغاز برنامه چهارم تا پنجم توسعه)». پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
AbdulQader, I. K. (2008). Intention to purchase electronic green products amongst lecturers: an empirical evidence. Malaysia. Master thesis. University Sanis Malaysia.
Akimova, I. (2000). Development of Market Orientation and Competitiveness of Ukrainian Firms‖ European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34, No. 9/10. 1128-1148.
Algieri, B, Aquino, A, S, Marianna. (2018), International competitive advantages in tourism: An eclectic view. Tourism Management Perspectives. 25 .41–52.
Altman, l. & low, S. (1992). place attachment. New York: plenum press.
Andrades, L, Dimanche, F. (2017). Destination competitiveness and tourism development in Russia: Issues and challenges. Tourism Management. 62 . 360-376.
Balan, D, Balaure, V, & Veghes, C. (2009). Travel and Tourism Competitivness of the world's top Tourism Destination: An exploratory assessment .
Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen, D., J. (2001). The Resource-based View of the Firm: Ten Years after 1991‖ Journal of Management, 27, 625-641. Booth, E. Marilyn & Philip, George (1998). ―Technology, Competencies and Competitiveness: The Case for Reconfigurable and Flexible Strategies‖ Journal of Business Research,. 41. 29-40.
Briciu, V.A (2013). Differences between place branding and destination branding for local brand strategy development. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series VII: Social Sciences and Law, 6 (55), 9-14.
Brocato, E. D. (2007). Place attachment: an investigation of environments and outcomes in a service context.
Buckley, P.J., Pass, C.L. & Prescott, K. (1988). ―Measures of International Competitiveness‖ A Critical Survey‖ Journal of Marketing Management. 4. 2. 175-200.
Campón-Cerro, Ana María, Hernández-Mogollón, José Manuel, Alves, Helena. (2017). Sustainable improvement of competitiveness in rural tourism destinations: The quest for tourist loyalty in Spain, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(3), 252-266.
Carmona, M. Tiesdell. S, (2007). Urban design reader, Architectural, press, Oxford.
Chen, C. and Tsai, D.C. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions, Tourism Management, 28(4): 1115-1122.
Chu, H. C., & Hwang, G. J. (2008). A Delphi-based approach to developing expert systems with the cooperation of multiple experts. Expert systems with applications, 34(4), 2826-2840.
Cibinskienea, A, Snieskieneb, (2015). Evaluation of city tourism competitiveness. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences. 213 . 105 – 110.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education. New York: Routledge.
Croes, R. (2013). Evaluation of tourism competitiveness and its effects on destination management: making difference in Costa Rica, Revista Electrónica de Historia, 1: 115-133.
Cronic, J., Brady, M. and Hult, G. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments, Journal of Retailing, 76(2): 193–218.
Crouch, Geoffrey I. (2007), Measuring Tourism Competitiveness: Research, Theory and the WEF Index, La Trobe University, www.sustainabletourismonline.com
Curry, D. G., Meyer, J. E., & McKinny, J. M. (2006). Seeing versus perceiving: What you see isn’t always what you get. Professional safety (28-34). Retrieved March 2, 2013, from www.itcexperts.net/Library/Seeing%20versus%20 Perceiving%20June%202006.pdf. Dess, Gregory, G., & Lumpkin, Tom, G., (2003), ―Strategic Management‖ Mc GrawHill.
Ferreira, J and Estevao. (2009), Cristina Regional Competitiveness of Tourism Cluster: A Conceptual Model Proposal, available Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14853
Garelli, Stephanie (2005). Competitiveness of nations: the fundamentals‖ IMDworld competitiveness yearbook,. 608-619.
Goffi, G. (2013). A model of tourism destinations competitiveness: The case of the Italian destinations of excellence, En Anuario Turismo y Sociedad, 14: 121-147.
Goldner, C., & Ritchie, B. (2009). Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies. Wiley Science.
Han, H., Hsu, L.T.J., Lee, J.S. and Sheu, C. (2011). Are lodging customers ready to go green? An examination of attitudes, demographics, and eco-friendly intentions, International Journal of Hospitality Management. 30: 345–355.
Hax Arnoldo, C. & Wilde Dean, L. (2001). The Delta Model —Discovering New Sources of Profitability in a Networked Economy‖ European Management Journal. 9(4). 379–391.
Holden, A., (2000). Environment and Tourism, Routledge, London, England.
Jackson, S. L. (2009). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach (third edition ed.). USA: Wadsworth.
Kamalipour, H & Jeddi Yeganeh, A& Alalhesabi, M. (2102). Predictors of Place
Attachment in Urban Residential Environments: A Residential Complex Case Study. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55 . 954 – 964.
Kennedy, H. P. (2004). Enhancing Delphi research: methods and results. Journal of advanced nursing, 45(5), 504-511.
Kubickova, M, Croes, R, Rivera M. (2017). Human agency shaping tourism competitiveness and quality of life in developing economies. Tourism Management Perspectives 22 120–131.
Kyle, G. et al. (2004). Effects of place attachment on users. Perceptions of social and environment conditions in a natural setting. Journal of environment psycology, (24): 213-225.
Lacher, R. G., & Oh, C. O. (2012). Is tourism a low-income industry? Evidence from three coastal regions. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 464-472.
Lai, W-H., Quang Vinh, N (2012). A Study of Analyzing the Selection of Promotion Activities and Destination Attributes in Tourism Industry in Vietnam from the Perspective of Tourism Industrial Service Network (TISN). International Journal of Social and Human Sciences. 6, 330-336.
Langlands, R. L., Jorm, A. F., Kelly, C. M., & Kitchener, B. A. (2008). First aid for depression: a Delphi consensus study with consumers, carers and clinicians. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105(1-3), 157-165.
Lars B and Ola S. (2007). Tourism behavior: an offline and inline perspective. Master thesis.
Lewicka, M .(2008). Place attachment, place identity, and place memory: Restoring the forgotten city past, Journal of Environmental Psychology. 28 . 209– 231.
Livingston, M., Bailey, N., & Kearns, A. (2008). People's attachment to place: The influence of neighbourhood deprivation.
Lucas, D. R. (2010). Being: Your happiness, pleasure, and contentment. Plymouth: Hayden- McNeil.
Manzo L and Douglas D. Perkins. (2006). Finding Common Ground: The Importance of Place Attachment to Community Participation and Planning, Journal of Planning Literature. 20. 4.
McKenna, H., Hasson, F., & Smith, M. (2002). A Delphi survey of midwives and midwifery students to identify non-midwifery duties. Midwifery, 18(4), 314-322.
Menzler, Hokkanen. M. (1995). Multinational Enterprises and Technology Transfer‖ International .Journal of Technology Management,. 10.293 – 311.
Menzler, Hokkanen. M. (1995). Multinational Enterprises and Technology Transfer‖ International . Journal of Technology Management. 10.293 – 311.
Mika, M. (2012). Competitiveness of tourist destinations as a research problem in the geography of tourism – analytical assumptions behind the research model, Prace Geograficzne, 130: 91-105. Moon, H.Chang, Rugman, A. Verbeke, A. (1998), ―A Generalized Double Diamond Approach to the Global Competitiveness of Korea and Singapore‖ International Business Review. 7. 135–150.
Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist behaviour: Themes and conceptual schemes. Channel View Publications. Porter, E.
Michael and Miller, E. Victor (1985). How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage‖ Harvard Business Review.
Porter, Michael E. (1979) .How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy‖ Harvard Business Review. 57) 2(. 137-145.
Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: myths and realities. Journal of advanced nursing, 41(4), 376-382.
Rajesh, R. (2013). Impact of tourist perceptions, destination image and tourist satisfaction on destination loyalty: a conceptual model. Pasos: Revista de turismo y patrimonio cultural, 11(3), 67-78.
Reid D. Robert and Bojanic C. David (2006). Hospitality marketing management. Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, Newjersey Published simultaneously in Canada.
Ritchie, J. R., & Crouch, G. I. (2010). A model of destination competitiveness/sustainability: Brazilian perspectives. Revista de Administração Pública, 44(5), 1049-1066.
Robson, C. (2007). How to do a research project: A guide for undergraduate students: Blackwell.
Ryan, C. (2010). Ways of conceptualizing the tourist experience. A review of literature. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(1), 37-46.
Sangkon, P, Sowon, H, Taehun, L, Minji, J. (2018). Two factor model of consumer satisfaction: International tourism research, Tourism Management, 67, 82-88.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th edition ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(1), 1-10. Shurchuluu, P. (2002) "National Productivity and Competitiveness Strategies for the New Millennium", Integrated Manufacturing System, Vol. 13.
Stedman, R. C. (2003). Is it really just a social construction? The construction of the physical environment sense of place. Society & Natural Resources, 16(8): 671-685.
Swarbrooke and Horner (2005). Consumer behavior in tourism Butterworth Heinemann. Oxford University.
The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report. (2015). World Economic Forum.
Tsai, C. T. S. (2016). Memorable Tourist Experiences and Place Attachment When Consuming Local Food. International Journal of Tourism Research.
Tsai, S. P. (2012). Place attachment and tourism marketing: Investigating international tourists in Singapore. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(2), 139-152.
Tukamushaba, E. K., Xiao, H., & Ladkin, A. (2016). The effect of tourists’ perceptions of a tourism product on memorable travel experience: Implications for destination branding. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 7(1), 2-12.
Ujang, N. (2102). Place Attachment and Continuity of Urban Place Identity. Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 94 . 056 – 064.
Viju M.(2009). Sustainable Tourism: A Case of Destination Competitiveness in South Asia, South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage. 2(1):83-89.
Wheeler, S. (2004). Planning for sustainability: creating livable. Equitable and ecological communities. Cambridge: The MIT press.
Williams, P. and Soutar, G.N. (2009). Value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in an adventure tourism context, Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3): 413- 438.
Xu, G. (2013). Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe. Routledge.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: design and methods (3rd ed. ed.). London: Sage.
Zabkar, v. Brencic, M., and Dmitrovic, T. (2010). Modeling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioral intentions at the destination level. Tourism Management. 31. 537-546.
Zhou, L. (2005). Destination attributes that attract international tourists to Cape Town (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Western Cape).