Islamic Art Studies

Islamic Art Studies

Typology of Physical Characteristics in Residential Complexes (2000–2020): Climate, Proportions, and Environmental Conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Shima Ghaseminejad 1
Mansour Nikpour 2
Mohsen Ghasemi 1
1 Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Bam Branch, Iran
2 Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Bam Branch, Bam, Iran
10.22034/ias.2021.285541.1609
Abstract
Following the rise of mass production after the Industrial Revolution and the increasing urban population, the demand for residential spaces led to the prominence of mass housing. Examining the influence of climatic characteristics on housing can help select appropriate case studies from a climatic design perspective. This research aims to identify typologies of residential complexes, introduce the dominant type, and analyze their climatic aspects. The study employs a combined analytical and comparative methodology, with data gathered through library research and reputable sources such as ArchDaily.
By examining 1,448 residential complexes built between 1960 and 2020, and applying random sampling and Cochran’s method, the study narrowed the sample size to 95 cases, identifying five typologies: freestanding, linear, perimeter, mixed, and [unspecified fifth type]. The results indicate a preference for freestanding complexes in most climates compared to other types, with this typology showing the highest frequency—and the most significant divergence from other samples—in humid regions. Additionally, a 2:1 ratio of perimeter-to-height and length-to-width dimensions appears most frequently across all climates and typologies.
Research Objectives:

Identifying different typologies of residential complexes.
Determining proportional building dimensions for various residential complex typologies across different climates.

Research Questions:

What are the different typologies of residential complexes?
What are the proportional building dimensions of various residential complex typologies?
Keywords
Typology
Residential Complex
Climate
Proportions
Environmental Conditions
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