نقش طراحی و موقعیت قرارگیری ساختمان در بهینه سازی مصرف انرژی (نمونه موردی : ساختمانهای مهندسی ساز شهر تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

10.22034/ias.2022.351685.2022

چکیده

ساختمان‌ها یکی از ارکان اصلی توسعۀ اجتماعی و اقتصادی کشورها می‌باشند که بخش زیادی از انرژی و منابع طبیعی را مصرف می‌کنند. سهم این بخش از مصرف انرژی، به‌طور میانگین، 30-50% می‌باشد. در ایران بر پایۀ ترازنامه انرژی سال‌های اخیر، حدود 33% از انرژی تولید شده مربوط به بخش خانگی، تجاری و عمومی، یعنی بخش ساختمانی می‌شود. محدوده تحقیق، ساختمان‌های آپارتمانی مسکونی متداول در شهر تهران می‌باشد. روش تحقیق بدین‌صورت است که 6 بلوک مسکونی مشابه و در موقعیت‌های نورگیری متفاوت، در نظر گرفته شده است. این 6 بلوک از لحاظ مساحت زمین، مساحت زیربنا، تعداد طبقات، سیستم‌های گرمایشی و سرمایشی و سایر مشخصات، کاملاً مانند هم بوده و تنها تفاوت آن‌ها، موقعیت قرارگیری آن‌ها در یک گذر می‌باشد. متغیرهای تحقیق عبارت‌اند از: جنس دیوارخارجی (سفال یا لیکا) و نمای خارجی (سنگ یا آجر)، نوع شیشه پنجره (ساده یا کم گسیل)، نوع گاز بین لایه‌های شیشه پنجره (هوا یا آرگون) و نسبت پنجره به سطح  جبهه‌های مختلف بنا و اهداف تحقیق نیز کمینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی و هزینه ساخت می‌باشند. برای بهینه‌سازی متغیرها از نرم‌افزار دیزاین بیلدر و الگوریتم ژنتیک استفاده گردید. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از این است که بهینه‌ترین حالات ممکن برای نمای خارجی، سنگ، جنس دیوار خارجی لیکا، شیشه پنجره‌ها، دوجداره کم گسیل همراه با گاز آرگون بین لایه‌های شیشه، و wwr  بهینه بلوکی که از جبهه‌های جنوب و غرب نور می‌گیرد، به ترتیب 60 % و 25% ،   wwr بهینه بلوکی که فقط از جبهه جنوب نور می‌گیرد،  55% ،  wwr  بهینه بلوکی که از جببه‌های جنوب و شرق نور می‌گیرد، به ترتیب 60% و 45%،   wwr بهینه بلوکی که از جبهه‌های شمال، جنوب و شرق نور می‌گیرد، به ترتیب 60% ، 35% و 30%، wwr  بهینه بلوکی که از جبهه‌های شمال و جنوب نور می‌گیرد، 45% و 25% و wwr بهینه بلوکی که از جبهه‌های شمال، جنوب و غرب نور می‌گیرد 40%، 35 % و 35% می‌باشد.
اهداف پژوهش:

بررسی تأثیر موقعیت قرارگیری ساختمان بر بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژ.
به‌دست آوردن نسبت بهینه پنجره به سطح از منظر صرفه‌جویی در مصرف انرژی، در وجوه مختلف.

سؤالات پژوهش:

موقعیت قرارگیری یک ساختمان نسبت به گذر و جبهه‌های نورگیری، چه تأثیری در بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی دارد؟
نسبت‌های بهینه پنجره به سطح در جبهه‌های مختلف یک ساختمان، به‌منظور کمینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی چه درصدی می‌باشند؟

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of building design and location in optimizing energy consumption (case example: engineering buildings in Tehran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meisam Zekavat 1
  • Mansoureh Tahbaz 2
  • Mohammadreza Hafezi 2
1 PhD student in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Residential building
  • optimization
  • building location
  • builder design
  • genetic algorithm

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