نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایران
2 استادیار جامعه شناسی، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دهاقان، ایران.
3 استادیار جامعه شناسی، واحد مبارکه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مبارکه، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Urban graphics is one of the important categories in shaping the social and political environment. Governments and societies attempt to acquire maximum political participation of their citizens. Contrariwise, it is political indifference that can lead to weakening or even discontinuing the process of national development. The aim of the current research is to investigate the factors affecting the political indifference of the citizens of Ahvaz city in 2018. The research method of the current study is descriptive-correlation, and considering the purpose, it also follows an applied research basis. The statistical population of Ahvaz city includes 800 (thousand) citizens aged 18 and over. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula and 385 people were selected by random sampling. The research tool included a research questionnaire whose validity was checked by experts (face validity) and its reliability was also obtained with Cronbach's alpha test (0.84). Correlation and multiple regression statistical tests were used in SPSS 24 software to analyze the data. The findings indicated gender, religiosity (belief, consequential, ritual, emotional, experiential), striving for national identity, social trust, sense of social justice and satisfaction with the quality of life with have a significant relationship with political indifferences and merely the variable of age had no significant relationship. The regression results also showed that the set of investigated variables could explain the variance of the political inequality variable to the extent of R 2 = /38.
Research aims:
Understanding the impact of urban graphics on social and economic conditions.
Investigation of political indifference and religiosity among citizens.
Research questions:
What is the position of urban graphics in creating the social, economic and political environment of society?
What factors influence citizens' political indifference?
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
ﺁﻟﻤﻮﻧﺪ، ﮔﺎﺑﺮﻳﻞ؛ ﭘﺎﻭﻝ، ﺑﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ. (۱۳۸۰). ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ. ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻃﻴﺐ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ.
ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺗﻘﻲ؛ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ، ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ. (۱۳۸۱). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣؤﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ»، ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ، 35(3-4)، 95-75.
ﺑﺎﻗﺮﻳﺎﻥ، ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ؛ ﺧﻮﺵﻓﺮ، ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ. (۱۳۹۶). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﻨﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ»، ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، 24(76)، ۱۷۵-۲۱۲.
ﺑﺸﻴﺮﻳﻪ، ﺣﺴﻴﻦ. (۱۳۸۰). «ﺑﻲﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ»، ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﺍ، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 11.
ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻲ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻴﻦ؛ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﻥ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ، ﻟﻴﻼ. (۱۳۸۳). «ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ»، ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ. 11(26)، ۶۹-۱۰۷ .
تاجی، نگین؛ کشاورز، ریحانه و جوانان، حمید. (1394). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻣؤﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ». (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ: ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﻣﻤﺴﻨﻲ) ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ، ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ.
ﭘﺎﻱ، ﻟﻮﺳﻴﻦ و دیگران. (۱۳۸۰) ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﺭﻱ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ.
ﺗﻮﺳﻠﻲ، ﻏﻼﻣﻌﺒﺎﺱ. (۱۳۸۳). ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﻧﺸﺮ ﺳﺨ.ن.
ﺗﻮﺳﻠﻲ، ﻏﻼﻣﻌﺒﺎﺱ. (۱۳۸۲). ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ.
ﭼﻠﺒﻲ، ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ. (۱۳۸۹). ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻈﻢ. ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﻧﻲ.
ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﻴﺮﻱ، ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﻴﺮ؛ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ، ﻧﺴﺮﻳﻦ. (۱۳۹۷). «ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ(ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ)»، ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، 7(1)، ۱۲۷-۱۵.
ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﭘﻮﺭ ﮔﺘﺎﺑﻲ، ﻛﺮﻡ؛ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ و ﺳﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺭﺿﺎ. (۱۳۹۵). «ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﻢ»، ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، 16(62)، ۳۵۹-۳۹۲.
ﺭﺍﺵ، ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻞ. (۱۳۹۰). ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ، ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ. ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺻﺒﻮﺭﻱ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻤﺖ.
ﺭﺑﻴﻌﻲ، ﻋﻠﻲ. (۱۳۸۰). ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻲ، ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺃﻱﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ۱۳۷۶ ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ.
ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺗﺴﻮﻥ، ﻳﺎﻥ. (۱۳۷۷). ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ. ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺱ ﺭﺿﻮﻱ.
ﺩﺭﻙ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ. ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ. (۱۳۸۹). ﻫﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﮕﺘﻮﻥ، ﺳﺎﻣﻮﺋﻞ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻳﻨﺮ، ﻣﺎﻳﺮﻭﻥ، تهران: ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ.
ﺭﺿﺎﭘﻮﺭ، ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ، ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺖ، ﻛﺎﻭﻩ. (۱۳۹۸). «برﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻲﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ: ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ»، ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ.
ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﻤﺸﻬﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ. (۱۳۹۸). «ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ: ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ»، ﻳﻚ ﺷﻨﺒﻪ ۴ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪﻣﺎﻩ ۴۸۶۳۱۰ .
ﺯﺍﺭﻉ، ﺑﻴﮋﻥ؛ ﺭﻭﻫﻨﺪﻩ، ﻣﺠﻴﺪ. (۱۳۹۴). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ- ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ۱۸ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺮﺝ»، ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، 9(2)، ۶۴-۸۷.
ﺷﺎﻃﺮﻳﺎﻥ، ﻣﺤﺴﻦ؛ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﻱ ﺳﻮﺭﺷﺠﺎﻧﻲ، ﺭﺳﻮﻝ. (۱۳۹۶). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ(ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮﺯﻙ)»، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، 4(10)، ۱۹۱-۲۰۹.
ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ. (۲۰۱۹). «ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩ». ﻛﺪ ﺧﺒﺮ
۷۱۶۵۴۵ .
ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ. (۱۳۸۷). «ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺖ، ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ»، ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ،(۱)۱ ، 176-153.
ﻏﻔﺎﺭﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﻳﻲ، ﭘﺮﻳﺴﺎ؛ ﺻﺒﺎﻍ، ﺻﻤﺪ. (۱۳۹۵). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ». ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، 36-25.
ﻓﺮﻫﻨﻤﻨﺪ، ﻣﻬﻨﺎﺯ و همکاران. (۱۳۹۵). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ»، 15(33)، 37-1.
ﻗﺎﺿﻲﺯﺍﺩﻩ، ﻫﻮﺭﺍﻣﺎﻥ؛ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﭙﻮﺭ، ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ. (۱۳۹۴). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ (ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ:ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ)». ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، 4(1)،78-59.
ﻗﻮﺍﻡ، ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ. (۱۳۹۰). ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ. ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﻧﺸﺮ ﻗﻮمس.
ﻟﺒﻴﺒﻲ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ و همکاران. (۱۳۹۷). «ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﻬﺮ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ»، ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، 18(70)، ۲۰۹-۲۴۰.
ﻣﺤﺒﻲ، ﺳﻴﺮﻭﺱ و همکاران. (۱۳۹۵). «ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ (ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ). ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، 10(34)، ۱۷۲-۱۴۵.
ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ ﻓﺮ، ﻧﺠﺎﺕ و دیگران. (۱۳۹۴). «ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ: ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ)». ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، 10(2)، 156-127.
دال سیونگ، یو. (1389). ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ. ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ.
همیلتون، ملکم. (1392). ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﻦ. (ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ. ﻣﺤسن ﺛﻼﺛﻲ). ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ: ﺗﺒﻴﺎﻥ.
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