China currently attaches special importance to Iran. This issue stems from Iran’s geopolitical and geoeconomic position. In this regard, the participation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this initiative has always been sought by the Chinese. The signing of the 25‑year cooperation document between Iran and China, between the Islamic Republic of Iran—as an oil‑rich country with regional influence but under U.S. sanctions—and China as a global power but under U.S. pressure, created a new strategic pressure in West Asia for the United States and its allies. Since the geography and position of Sistan and Baluchestan play an important role in the route of China’s grand Belt and Road plan, the issue of this study is to probe the opportunities and challenges of the 25‑year cooperation document between Iran and China with emphasis on the position of Sistan and Baluchestan. This research was conducted using a descriptive‑analytical method and the required data were collected through library research. The results of the study indicate that there exists a kind of relationship based on mutual economic dependence between Iran and China that appears noteworthy because its severance would entail costs for both parties. On the other hand, the long historical relationship between the two countries in cultural, political, and economic domains creates a clear prospect for further strengthening of relations.
Research Questions:


What are the opportunities and challenges of the 25‑year cooperation document between Iran and China with emphasis on the position of Sistan and Baluchestan?


What is the outlook of the 25‑year cooperation document between Iran and China considering the historical cultural and artistic relations of the two countries?


Research Objectives:


To identify the opportunities and challenges of the 25‑year cooperation document between Iran and China with emphasis on the position of Sistan and Baluchestan.


To examine the historical and cultural outlook of the 25‑year cooperation document between Iran and China.